16 Free will
16 Free will
Free thinking (The gist)
Free will (The gist)
Reasons of the impression of free will (free thinking)
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《 Free thinking (The gist) 》
It seems that the thinking action, which is provided for consciousness, is fundamentally formed naturally, automatically, and dynamically as one which aims at forming (or, sustaining, updating) the broad physical order of a living body, from the fundamental computation --one of the matter actions-- borne by the substances which constitute the living body.
And, it's presumed that this formation owes to the physical order forming effect arising from the reduction of entropy production rate within a living body. In a word, consciousness and the thinking action are advanced physical orders.
So, it's simply seems impossible for the strange thing called consciousness to (arbitrarily, freely) change its own thinking action by its intention.
In short, for this reason, there seems to be no free thinking in a strict sense. Moreover, free thinking doesn't seem possible also logically. (However, there seems to be indirect free will by the plasticity of the body and the brain).
The following are the rough reasons.
1) We don't at all do such an active operation as to change one's own thinking. We only sense the (senses of) thought which occur in one's own self. As to thinking, we operate nothing. In the first place, there are no such means in the framework through which consciousness and the thinking action are formed. Needless to say, we don't know the means.
2) The thinking action is formed naturally in the constructive and productive direction of forming (or, sustaining, updating) the broad physical order over the whole substances (living body) at the next moment, basing on the state, situation, and the physical properties of underlying substances. (For this reason, it's impossible for the thinking action to form (or change) itself by itself. (Fundamentally, consciousness is not provided with such an action as able to change its own thinking action)).
3) In each individual person, the thinking patterns have almost been formed already.
(Though it seems possible that the thinking patterns change as time passes, consciousness or the thinking action doesn't change them directly. This thing also implies that the content (movement) of thinking is basically fixed. Simply put, each individual person thinks in much the same way, because the thinking patterns are almost fixed).
4) A seed for thinking (initial input) is indispensable for thinking, but it's impossiblt for the thinking action to prepare the seed by itself arbitrarily. (Thinking has an aspect of domino and cannot start working voluntarily without being triggered by initial input. Or, even if some action has been equipped somewhere, it will be activated for the first time when some seed for working is input). The thinking action is one to think and is not provided with such an action. (Fundamentally, consciousness is not provided with such an action as able to prepare the seed for thinking on its own). The seed for thinking is fundamentally extrinsic. Moreover, to prepare the seed for thinking arbitrarily is impossible also logically. It's because it will fall into a vicious circle.
Therefore, the first one third of the question of free will --is free thinking possible?-- is denied. In consequence, free will is denied here.
Nonetheless, the thinking patterns formed in each individual's brain seems to be the core of individual's personality.
It seems that the thinking patterns can change over time under various influences, but it's not easy. Rather, the movement of the thinking patterns are subject to all extrinsic and material influences, including physical and health conditions. Moreover, the seeds as initial input to the thinking patterns also change greatly from moment to moment. As a result, activated thinking patterns and their operation change significantly.
The combination of the thinking patterns that are fixed basically and all extrinsic influences may be free thinking.
And, however, the last one third of the question --is it possible that body's substances move basing on thinking (that is done automatically)?-- seems possible. It is surmised that, (violating the known physical laws of present physics), every active movement inside living things occurs basing on microscopic thinking done in consciousness.
《 Free will (The gist) 》
The question of free will is presumed to be subdivided into three parts as follows.
1) Is free thinking possible?
2) Where is thinking performed? Which of the substance called brain or consciousness performs thinking?
3) Is it possible for body's substances to move based on thinking?
1) was denied.
As to 2). If thinking is performed in the brain, it follows that the thinking action is material (macroscopic). Or, if in consciousness, it's microscopic.
And, it's not conceivable that thinking is performed materially in the substance called brain. It's because, no matter how highly it is organized, the brain is nothing but an aggregate of innumerable substances that are third person objects and is not a single quantum. And, since it's not a single quantum, it doesn't have (microscopic) integrateness that can carry out thinking that needs to be broad and comprehensive.
Accordingly, if thinking is fulfilled in the brain, it follows that the brain is reduced to a soft emulator (machine) which has been programmed, is predictable, and doesn't have integrateness like a quantum. It's like, in a sense, domino.
(A machine necessarily needs to be designed and produced by others (first person subjects) who are intellectual and can move spontaneously, independently, and actively. This universe is ruled by the second law of thermodynamics that entropy increases (, Newton's laws of motion, the fundamental interactions, and the law of the conservation of energy), and a machine competent for autopoiesis --self-production / spontaneous, independent, and active production of one's own advanced and dynamic physical order-- cannot emerge on its own without some basises (mechanism, driving force) which defy these laws. It's because a machine which is not a single quantum cannot fulfill comprehensive thinking).
So, it's almost certain that thinking is fulfilled in consciousness.
Moreover, the fact that consciousness feels thoughts is also the basis. Even if consciousness perceives the material movement of the brain, it should be perceived only as some bodily sensation (the five senses). It's impossible that the mere movement of substances is felt as ideas of thought. It's like just material movements, such as the movement of a mechanical calculator, the movement of electrons in various electric circuits, CPUs, DSPs, and FPGAs, domino, rustling of leaves, etc., are felt as thoughts which are extremely strange.
As to 3). (Excluding the movement of organs), almost all motions of humankind (and animals) are consist of the muscular movement. And, as a subjective and empirical fact, it is judged that, including such motions as speaking or writing wearing mentality, almost all motions of humankind are started and controlled basing on thinking. At that time, it seems probable that the body's substances are not controlled materially and predictably by the material and macroscopic movement of the brain, but move on their own basing on the microscopic, uncertain, and unpredictable thinking performed in consciousness. (Details are described separately).
And, it seems that this movement cannot be probably explained by the currently known physical laws. It's because it's surmised that there is no material --macroscopic / external-- causality because of microscopicity of the thinking action (and consciousness). At present, there is a break between the thinking action and matter, and no physical causal relationship can appear there.
(To be presice, there is causal relationship on the input side of consciousness --bodily sensation or the five senses--. However, it's not on the output side --the muscular movement / the working of organs-- yet).
The brain is never such an emulator as an electric circuit, a computer, a FPGA, etc.
(The brain bears the extremely important role which makes consciousness and the thinking action emerge dynamically and continuously, basing on the material situation of the brain. And, reversely, the movement of substances bases on the microscopic, comprehensive, uncertain, and unpredictable thinking done in consciousness as a creature. The working of the brain is collaboration between the substance called brain and its consciousness).
(The movement of a living body comes under autopoiesis, but autopoiesis can never realized without collaboration between a living body which is an aggregate of innumerable substances and a single comprehensive consciousness which emerges in the whole living body).
The brain doesn't directly control the muscular movement materially as an emulator. The judgement and the control are done unpredictably by comprehensive thinking in consciousness. The substances move on their own referring the microscopic considered outcome.
(The substances, here, indicate ones which form the brain cells. The result of their movements controls various muscular movements of the body via motor nerves. It goes without saying that the movement of all cells of body is collaboration between matter and consciousness).
(The result came to the opposite of what we have expected. It's because free thinking is not likely and violating present physics is likely).
《 Reasons of the impression of free will (free thinking) 》
The following seems to be why we feel freedom in our consciousness. However, even if freedom is felt, it's not necessarily true that our consciousness is free actually.
a) The state of the brain is never the same. The state of the brain will never be the same. The material state in which the brain is placed is affected by every extrinsic thing and necessarily fluctuates with the lapse of time, For this reason, the thinking action --or the thinking pattern--, which is formed naturally, automatically, and dynamically based on the situation and properties of substances of the brain, also fluctuates subtly.
b) Moreover, the seed for thinking (initial input), which is basically brought from the outside via five senses, also fluctuates. Actually, the influence from the external world on various levels changes overwhelmingly. As a result, the consciousness feels that the thoughts (senses of thought), which are formed naturally, automatically, and dynamically every moment, also change diversely.
c) Furthermore, unlike the machines (emulators) already been programmed, it can never at all be predicted what thinking action will be formed in consciousness.
d) For these reasons, the impression of free thinking seems to be a result of all extrinsic and material contingencies. Unpredictability, uncertainty, or indefiniteness of the thinking action formed --so, in a sense, the thinking action is always new, subtly new-- may be the biggest factor. Possibly, unpredictability and subtle newness of the thinking action formed may be the origin of the impression of freedom.
