序。PREFACE.
森の彼方の国
事実、数値、そして想いを
トランシルヴァニアより
Title: The Land Beyond the Forest
Facts, Figures, and Fancies from Transylvania
Author: Emily Gerard
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[Illustration: OLD TOWN GATE AT HERMANSTADT (ELIZABETH THOR).]
1883年の春、夫はトランシルヴァニアの騎兵旅団指揮官に任命された。旅団はヘルマンスタットとクロンシュタットに駐屯する2連隊から成る。願ってもない指名だ。「森の彼方の国」と呼ばれる、オーストリア帝国の一部を訪れたいという、かねてからの念願がかなったのである。
In the spring of 1883 my husband was appointed to the command of the cavalry brigade in Transylvania, composed of two hussar regiments, stationed respectively at Hermanstadt and Kronstadt—a very welcome nomination, as gratifying a long-cherished wish of mine to visit that part of the Austrian empire known as the Land beyond the Forest.
トランシルヴァニアで過ごした2年間は、16年間オーストリアの軍隊生活を知る中で、最も楽しいものだった。私はこの時のことを、それ以前やそれ以後の経験とはまったく異なる、趣のある特別なものとして、いつも振り返ることになるだろう。
The two years spent in Transylvania were among the most agreeable of sixteen years’ acquaintance with Austrian military life; and I shall always look back to this time as to something quaint and exceptional, totally different from all previous and subsequent experiences.
この国の野性的な美しさ、奇妙な民族の混血、奇妙で多様な民俗学に大いに興味を持った私は、いくつかの印象を短い独立した論文に記録し、そのうちの3編を『ブラックウッド・マガジン』誌に、1編を『19世紀』誌に、1編を『コンテンポラリー・レビュー』誌に掲載した。しかし、トランシルヴァニアでの体験をたどる作業はとても楽しく、当初の目的をはるかに超えてしまった。ある回想が別の回想に目覚め、ある章が次の章を生み、その結果、最初に考えていたような小さな一冊ではなく、私の原稿はほとんど無意識のうちに現在の大きさになっていった。
Much interested in the wild beauty of the country, the strange admixture of races by which it is peopled, and their curious and varied folk-lore, I recorded some of my impressions in short, independent papers, of which three were published in _Blackwood’s Magazine_, one in the _Nineteenth Century_, and one in the _Contemporary Review_. It was only after I had left the country that, being desirous of preserving these sketches in more convenient form, I began rearranging the matter for publication; but the task of retracing my Transylvanian experiences was so pleasant that it led me on far beyond my original intention.
One reminiscence awoke another, one chapter gave rise to a second; and so, instead of a small volume, as had been at first contemplated, my manuscript almost unconsciously developed to its present dimensions.
作品が完成したとき、挿絵を入れることを思いついた。しかし、これは甚だ難しい問題だった。というのも、トランシルヴァニアは芸術家にとって完璧な宝の山であるにもかかわらず、それに値するほどの注目はまだ浴びていないからだ。もし、いくつかの方面からのありがたい援助がなかったら、適切なスケッチによって記述のいくつかを解明するという満足感を得ることができなかっただろう。
When the work was completed, the idea of illustrating it occurred to me: but this was a far more difficult matter; for, though offering a perfect treasure-mine to artists, Transylvania has not as yet received from them the attention it deserves; and had it not been for obliging assistance from several quarters, I should have been debarred the satisfaction of elucidating some of my descriptions by appropriate sketches.
この点に関しては、エミール・シゲルス氏に感謝の意を表したい。シゲルス氏は、彼が幹事を務めるトランシルヴァニア・カルパティア協会が所有する、彼自身がデザインした版木を、私の自由に使えるようにしてくれた。同様に、カミラ・アスボート夫人には、サクソン人、ルーマニア人、ジプシーたちの生き生きとした特徴的な写真を複写する許可をいただいた。
In this matter my thanks are greatly due to Herr Emil Sigerus, who was good enough to place at my disposal the blocks of engravings designed by himself, and belonging to the Transylvania Carpathian Society, of which he is the secretary. Likewise to Madame Kamilla Asboth, for permission to copy her life-like and characteristic photographs of Saxons, Roumanians, and gypsies.
また、トランシルヴァニアの人々や風習に関する私のあらゆる質問に対して、さまざまな親切な知人たちが非常に好意的に答えてくれたことを、この場で認めておきたい。もし私の著作の一部が彼らの全面的な賛同を得られなかったとしても、私の発言は決して友好的でない精神から促されたものではなく、どのような場合でも、私は自分の光に従って公平に判断するよう努めたのだということを、ここで保証しておこう。
I would also at this place acknowledge the extreme courtesy with which every question of mine regarding Transylvania people and customs has been responded to by various kind acquaintances, and if some parts of my work do not meet with their entire approval, let them here take the assurance that my remarks were prompted by no unfriendly spirit, and that in each and every case I have endeavored to judge impartially according to my lights.
EMILY DE LASZOWSKA-GERARD.
VIENNA, February 1888.
CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. INTRODUCTORY 1
II. HISTORICAL 6
III. POLITICAL 11
IV. ARRIVAL IN TRANSYLVANIA—FIRST IMPRESSIONS 14
V. SAXON HISTORICAL FEAST—LEGEND 25
VI. THE SAXONS: CHARACTER—EDUCATION—RELIGION 31
VII. SAXON VILLAGES 39
VIII. SAXON INTERIORS—CHARACTER 50
IX. SAXON CHURCHES AND SIEGES 62
X. THE SAXON VILLAGE PASTOR 71
XI. THE SAXON BROTHERHOODS—NEIGHBORHOODS AND VILLAGE HANN 79
XII. THE SAXONS: DRESS—SPINNING AND DANCING 85
XIII. THE SAXONS: BETROTHAL 94
XIV. THE SAXONS: MARRIAGE 101
XV. THE SAXONS: BIRTH AND INFANCY 111
XVI. THE SAXONS: DEATH AND BURIAL 117
XVII. THE ROUMANIANS: THEIR ORIGIN 122
XVIII. THE ROUMANIANS: THEIR RELIGION, POPAS, AND CHURCHES 125
XIX. THE ROUMANIANS: THEIR CHARACTER 132
XX. ROUMANIAN LIFE 139
XXI. ROUMANIAN MARRIAGE AND MORALITY 146
XXII. THE ROUMANIANS: DANCING, SONGS, MUSIC, STORIES, AND PROVERBS 151
XXIII. ROUMANIAN POETRY 158
XXIV. THE ROUMANIANS: NATIONALITY AND ATROCITIES 173
XXV. THE ROUMANIANS: DEATH AND BURIAL—VAMPIRES AND WERE-WOLVES 180
XXVI. ROUMANIAN SUPERSTITION: DAYS AND HOURS 188
